2025年10月中旬，日本政壇迎來重大變局。據日本共同社報導，自民黨與日本維新會已就聯合執政達成共識，日本新任首相的人選幾乎已塵埃落定，而自民黨總裁高市早苗極有可能成為日本歷史上首位女性首相。

根據媒體援引兩黨高層人士的消息，自民黨同意接受維新會提出的部分條件，其中包括將國會議席數削減10%的改革提案。雙方確定以**“內閣外合作”**的形式組成執政聯盟，即日本維新會的成員將支持政府運作，但不會直接加入新內閣。這一合作模式意味著，維新會在政策協調上保留一定話語權，同時也維持了黨內自主性。

日本維新會計劃於10月19日在大阪召開常任理事會，其黨首吉村洋文與自民黨新任總裁高市早苗預計在20日正式簽署聯合執政協議。日本媒體指出，此次結盟基本上確保高市早苗在定於10月21日舉行的首相指名選舉中勝出。日本首相指名選舉由國會兩院進行，第一輪投票需取得過半數即可當選；若未達成，得票前兩名將進入第二輪，得票較多者勝出。

目前，自民黨在眾議院465個席位中掌握196席，維新會擁有35席；在參議院248個席位中，自民黨掌握100席，維新會擁有19席。由於在野黨陣營無法形成統一戰線，即使首相選舉進入第二輪投票，高市早苗勝選的可能性仍然極高。媒體普遍認為，高市一旦就任，不僅將改寫日本政治歷史，也象徵女性政治地位的重要提升。

然而，日本媒體同時指出，即便自民黨與維新會聯手，在眾議院合計議席仍未過半，高市早苗的施政仍可能面臨不少挑戰。政策推動可能需要跨黨派協商，且在經濟、外交及社會政策上可能遭遇一定阻力。此外，作為首位女性首相，她的領導風格與政治決策也將受到國內外高度關注。此次聯合執政的形成，不僅標誌著日本主要保守派政黨策略上的重要調整，也象徵著日本政壇對未來改革及權力分配的新布局。

In mid-October 2025, Japan’s political landscape experienced a major shift. According to reports from Kyodo News, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japan Innovation Party (Nippon Ishin no Kai) have reached an agreement to form a coalition government, effectively securing the path for LDP President Sanae Takaichi to become Japan’s next prime minister, with a historic potential to be the country’s first female prime minister.

Media sources citing senior party officials reported that the LDP has agreed to some of the Innovation Party’s conditions, including a proposal to reduce the number of parliamentary seats by 10%. The two parties will collaborate under a model described as “outside cabinet cooperation”, meaning Innovation Party members will support government operations without formally joining the new cabinet. This arrangement allows the Innovation Party to maintain a degree of policy influence while retaining internal autonomy.

The Japan Innovation Party is scheduled to hold its standing council meeting in Osaka on October 19, and party leader Hirofumi Yoshimura and LDP President Takaichi are expected to sign the coalition agreement on October 20. Japanese media note that this alliance virtually guarantees Takaichi’s victory in the prime ministerial election scheduled for October 21. The election is held in both houses of the National Diet: a candidate must obtain a majority in the first round to be elected; if no one achieves this, the top two candidates advance to a second round, with the candidate receiving the most votes declared the winner.

Currently, the LDP holds 196 out of 465 seats in the House of Representatives, while the Innovation Party has 35 seats; in the House of Councillors, the LDP has 100 of 248 seats, and the Innovation Party holds 19 seats. Because opposition parties are unable to form a united front, Takaichi’s victory is expected even if the election proceeds to a second round. Her election would not only make history but also signify a major advancement in the representation of women in Japanese politics.

However, Japanese media also caution that even with the coalition, the LDP and Innovation Party combined do not hold a majority in the House of Representatives, which could make policy implementation challenging. Legislative initiatives may require cross-party negotiations, and her administration could face obstacles in economic, foreign, and social policy matters. Additionally, as Japan’s potential first female prime minister, Takaichi’s leadership style and political decisions will attract heightened domestic and international attention.

The formation of this coalition marks a significant strategic adjustment for Japan’s major conservative parties and signals a new layout in political power-sharing and potential reforms in the country’s governance structure.