近年來，中國實體零售業面臨嚴峻挑戰，市場競爭日益激烈，使得「實體零售淘汰賽」的速度明顯加快。根據壹覽商業的不完全統計，光是在2024年，中國國內就有超過12,000家實體零售門店宣布關閉，涵蓋將近上千個品牌。這些關門的店鋪類型廣泛，其中超市類型尤為顯著，至少有782家超市停業。

受影響的品牌從全國性乃至全球知名的連鎖超市，如盒馬、山姆會員店、永輝超市、大潤發以及沃爾瑪等，到地方性品牌亦未能倖免，例如濟南當地廣受消費者熟悉的歸仁超市，以及湖北本土的富迪超市等，紛紛在這波關店潮中陸續退出市場。

這一波門店關閉潮的背後，主要可以歸因於四個因素。首先是「租約到期」。隨著商業物業租金的逐年上漲，加上部分店舖營收無法支撐高昂成本，許多零售商選擇在租約期滿後不再續租，結束營業。其次是「經營調整」。在經歷疫情與電商快速發展後，許多企業開始重新審視其經營策略與資源配置，將重心轉向線上渠道或更加精緻化的門店佈局，因此選擇關閉效益不佳或重疊度高的門市。第三是「政府規劃」的影響，在城市更新與土地再開發過程中，一些商圈被重新規劃或拆遷，也導致相關商戶被迫撤離。最後，則是「產業自然輪替中的優勝劣汰」。市場本身具有競爭機制，當某些品牌無法持續吸引顧客、跟不上消費趨勢，或營運效率不佳時，自然會被更具競爭力的對手取代。

總體而言，這波關店潮不僅反映出零售業態本身正在進行一場深層次的結構性調整，也預示著未來實體零售商要生存下去，勢必得加速轉型升級，擁抱數位化、提升服務體驗，並更靈活地應對市場變化。否則，將可能在這場淘汰賽中失去立足之地

In recent years, the elimination race among brick-and-mortar retail stores has been accelerating significantly. According to incomplete statistics from Yilan Business, in 2024 alone, more than 12,000 physical retail stores in China announced their closure, involving nearly a thousand brands. Among these, at least 782 supermarkets shut down. The closures affected not only national and global chains such as Freshippo (Hema), Sam’s Club, Yonghui, RT-Mart, and Walmart, but also regional brands like Guiren Supermarket in Jinan and Fudi Supermarket in Hubei.

The reasons behind this wave of closures can be mainly attributed to four key factors. The first is lease expiration. With commercial rent prices rising year after year, many stores that can no longer cover operating costs choose not to renew their leases and instead close down. Second, business strategy adjustments have played a major role. In the wake of the pandemic and the rapid growth of e-commerce, many retail companies have re-evaluated their strategies, reallocating resources toward online channels or optimizing store layouts, leading them to shut down underperforming or overlapping branches.

Third, urban planning and redevelopment by local governments have also contributed. As cities undergo renewal and commercial districts are rezoned or demolished, many stores are forced to vacate. Lastly, this phenomenon reflects natural industry turnover and survival of the fittest. In a competitive market, brands that fail to attract customers, keep up with consumer trends, or operate efficiently will inevitably be phased out by stronger, more adaptive players.

Overall, this wave of store closures signals a profound structural transformation in the retail sector. It suggests that for physical retailers to survive moving forward, they must accelerate digital transformation, enhance in-store experiences, and adapt quickly to market shifts. Without such changes, many risk losing their foothold entirely in this increasingly unforgiving retail landscape.