位於中國的金融科技巨頭——螞蟻集團，近日正式完成歷史性的一步：解除創辦人馬雲對公司的實際控制權。集團方面表示，這是馬雲自願放棄的決定。至此，長期被外界視為「馬雲的支付寶」的螞蟻集團與支付寶品牌，正式告別創辦人個人主導的時代。

這一變化的關鍵節點發生在2023年1月7日。當天，螞蟻集團宣布完成股權結構重大調整，馬雲的表決權比例由原先的53.46%大幅下降至約6.208%，正式退出「實際控制人」的地位。這意味著，螞蟻集團成為一間「無實際控制人」的公司，未來將由更加制度化、分散化的治理架構來運行，而不再由單一個人掌握最終決策權。

此次控制權調整的背後，有著長達三年的監管整改背景。自2020年螞蟻集團原定IPO被叫停以來，公司在監管部門的指導下，逐步完成一系列深層次改革，包括終止原本存在的一致行動協議、引入國有資本參股、優化股權結構，以及將管理權與所有權進一步分離。這些措施的目的，不僅是滿足監管要求，更是為讓公司在治理層面更加透明、合規，並為未來重啟上市奠定基礎。

在治理理念上，螞蟻集團正從以創辦人為核心的決策模式，轉向依賴制度、規則與團隊的集體決策機制。這意味著，公司的管理層與股東之間的權責將更加明確，業務運營將更強調技術驅動與合規經營，而非依賴創辦人的個人影響力。

從行業層面看，螞蟻集團這一變化被視為中國金融科技領域「去個人化」監管趨勢的重要案例。它不僅反映監管部門對大型平台型企業的治理思路，也為其他阿里巴巴系公司乃至更多中國互聯網企業在接班與權力交接方面，提供可借鑑的樣本。這場變革，不僅是螞蟻集團的轉折點，也折射出中國金融科技產業正進入一個更加規範、成熟的新階段。

China’s fintech giant Ant Group has recently completed a historic step: the removal of founder Jack Ma’s actual control over the company. According to the group, this was a voluntary decision by Ma. From this moment on, Alipay—long perceived by the public as “Jack Ma’s Alipay”—officially bids farewell to the era of being personally led by its founder.

The key turning point came on January 7, 2023, when Ant Group announced the completion of a major adjustment to its equity structure. Jack Ma’s voting rights dropped sharply from 53.46% to about 6.208%, marking his official exit from the position of “actual controller.” This means that Ant Group is now a company with “no actual controlling shareholder,” operating under a more institutionalized and decentralized governance structure instead of having final decision-making power concentrated in one individual.

Behind this change is a three-year-long regulatory rectification process. Since Ant Group’s planned IPO was halted in 2020, the company has, under regulatory guidance, undergone a series of deep reforms—terminating its existing concerted action agreements, bringing in state-owned capital as shareholders, optimizing its equity structure, and further separating management rights from ownership. These moves were not only aimed at satisfying regulatory requirements but also at making the company’s governance more transparent and compliant, paving the way for a potential future listing.

In terms of governance philosophy, Ant Group is shifting from a founder-centered decision-making model to one driven by systems, rules, and collective leadership. This change means a clearer division of responsibilities between management and shareholders, with business operations focusing more on technology-driven growth and compliance rather than the personal influence of its founder.

From an industry perspective, Ant Group’s transformation is seen as a key example of China’s regulatory trend toward the “depersonalization” of large fintech enterprises. It reflects regulators’ evolving approach to overseeing major platform-based companies and offers a reference model for other Alibaba-affiliated firms and Chinese internet companies in leadership succession and power transition. This reform is not only a turning point for Ant Group but also a sign that China’s fintech industry is entering a more standardized and mature new stage.