自2025年10月14日起，中方正式對美國船舶收取“船舶特別港務費”，此舉引起中美海運與貿易領域的高度關注。交通運輸部官方公告指出，這項費用針對停靠中國港口的美國籍船舶徵收，目的在於應對美方此前對中國海事、物流及造船業實施的不公平貿易措施。

事件的背景可以追溯到2025年4月17日，美國貿易代表辦公室對中國海事、物流及造船業展開《301調查》並採取相關措施。美方此舉被中方認為嚴重違背世界貿易組織（WTO）規則及中美海運協定，對中美之間的海運貿易造成實質破壞。中方多次強調，美國的單邊制裁行動不僅損害中方合法權益，也破壞國際貿易秩序，迫使中國採取對應措施以維護公平交易環境。

隨著美國政府因預算爭議而“停擺”進入第13天，情況日益複雜。美國財政部長貝森特公開表示，政府停擺已開始對實體經濟產生影響，特別是貿易和物流運行方面出現不穩定因素。他警告，若停擺持續，將進一步影響美國進出口航運及相關供應鏈，並可能加劇國際市場的不確定性。

中方此次收取船舶特別港務費，被視為對美方單邊貿易措施的對應手段，也反映出中國在國際海運與貿易領域維護自身權益的決心。官方強調，此措施在法律框架內實施，目的是保障公平競爭，並督促美方遵守國際規則。分析人士認為，這一舉措短期內可能引發雙邊航運成本上升及運營調整，但從長遠看，中美雙方仍需透過談判和協商解決爭端，維護海運貿易穩定。

總體而言，隨著中方特別港務費正式生效，這場中美海運與貿易摩擦進入新的階段。雙方如何平衡政策對抗與合作需求，將對全球航運市場及國際貿易格局產生深遠影響，也成為國際媒體與經濟界持續關注的焦點。

Starting October 14, 2025, China officially began imposing a “Special Port Service Fee” on U.S.-flagged vessels, drawing significant attention in the maritime and trade sectors between China and the United States. The Ministry of Transport announced that the fee would apply to U.S. ships docking at Chinese ports, citing it as a response to the United States’ earlier unfair trade measures targeting China’s maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding industries.

The context of this move dates back to April 17, 2025, when the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) launched a Section 301 investigation and imposed measures on China’s maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors. China condemned these actions as a serious violation of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and the bilateral China-U.S. maritime agreement, arguing that they caused tangible disruptions to China-U.S. shipping trade. Chinese authorities emphasized that the U.S. unilateral measures not only harm China’s legitimate interests but also undermine international trade norms, prompting China to implement countermeasures to safeguard fair trading conditions.

Meanwhile, the situation in the United States has added complexity. With the U.S. government shutdown entering its 13th day due to budget disputes, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen warned that the shutdown is beginning to affect the real economy, particularly trade and logistics operations. She cautioned that if the shutdown continues, it could further disrupt U.S. import and export shipping and related supply chains, increasing uncertainty in global markets.

China’s imposition of the Special Port Service Fee is seen as a measured response to U.S. unilateral trade actions and reflects Beijing’s determination to defend its rights in international shipping and trade. Officials emphasized that the fee is implemented within the legal framework, aiming to ensure fair competition and urge the U.S. to adhere to international rules. Analysts note that while the measure may temporarily raise shipping costs and require operational adjustments, long-term resolution will likely depend on negotiations and bilateral dialogue to stabilize maritime trade.

Overall, with the Special Port Service Fee now in effect, the U.S.-China maritime and trade dispute has entered a new phase. How both sides balance policy confrontation with cooperation will have far-reaching implications for the global shipping market and international trade, making it a focal point for international media and economic observers.