根據多方國際消息與政策研究機構分析，美國與以色列近日對伊朗發動代號為「史詩怒火行動」（Operation Epic Fury）的大規模空襲，使中東局勢急速升溫，區域安全環境出現近年最嚴峻的軍事對峙之一。此次軍事行動被外界視為長期累積的核武爭議、安全焦慮與外交破局共同作用的結果，也象徵美伊衝突已從長期代理對抗升級為直接軍事衝突的高風險階段。

從戰爭爆發的核心原因來看，美國與以色列將行動主要目標定位為遏止 伊朗 的核武與導彈發展。美國總統 唐納·川普 表示，在 2025年6月核設施遭襲後，伊朗仍未放棄核計畫，反而試圖重建相關能力。華府方面同時指控伊朗在導彈技術上取得突破，其新型飛彈已具備威脅歐洲與海外美軍基地的射程，甚至可能在未來發展出可打擊美國本土的洲際彈道飛彈能力，這被視為促使軍事行動的重要安全因素之一。

與過去僅針對核設施進行「有限打擊」不同，本次行動的戰略目標被外界解讀為更具政治意圖。川普公開呼籲伊朗人民推翻現政權，並形容當前局勢是伊朗數個世代以來「改變國家方向的唯一機會」。部分美以官員更宣稱，在針對伊朗最高領導人阿里·哈米尼官邸的空襲中，其本人可能已死亡，但伊朗官方迅速否認相關說法，並強調領導層仍正常運作，使資訊戰與輿論戰同時升溫。多家研究機構，包括Council on Foreign Relations，指出此類訊息本身亦屬心理與政治戰的一部分。

外交層面的破裂同樣是衝突升級的重要背景。美國此前曾向伊朗提出為期兩個月的談判期限，希望推動新的核協議，但最終因互信不足以及伊朗拒絕接受停止高濃縮鈾活動等條件而宣告破局。此外，美方亦將伊朗政府對國內抗議活動的強硬鎮壓視為跨越「人權紅線」，並將其納入動武正當性的論述之中。政策分析機構 Atlantic Council指出，安全與人權議題在此次決策中呈現高度交織。

對以色列而言，行動更被定位為攸關國家生存的先發制人打擊。以色列政府認為外交途徑已接近極限，一旦伊朗取得核武能力，將對其構成不可承受的存在性威脅。因此空襲目標除了核相關設施外，也涵蓋 伊朗革命衛隊 的指揮中心、防空系統與導彈發射基地，意圖削弱伊朗的反擊與區域投射能力。

目前局勢已迅速惡化。伊朗方面展開報復性行動，向以色列以及巴林、阿聯酋等設有美軍基地的周邊國家發射飛彈，使整個中東地區進入高度戒備狀態。多數國際觀察人士認為，衝突正逼近全面戰爭的臨界點，未來發展將取決於各方是否仍保留外交降溫的空間，以及區域大國是否介入調停。

According to multiple international reports and analyses by policy research institutions, the United States and Israel have recently launched a large-scale airstrike against Iran under the codename Operation Epic Fury, sharply escalating tensions across the Middle East and creating one of the most serious military confrontations in the region in recent years. The operation is widely viewed as the result of long-accumulating disputes over Iran’s nuclear program, growing security concerns, and the collapse of diplomatic efforts, marking a shift from prolonged indirect confrontation toward a high-risk phase of direct military conflict.

From the perspective of the initiating parties, the United States and Israel framed the primary objective of the operation as preventing Iran’s advancement in nuclear weapons and missile capabilities. U.S. President Donald Trump stated that despite attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities in June 2025, Iran had refused to abandon its nuclear ambitions and had instead attempted to rebuild its program. Washington also alleged that Iran had achieved significant breakthroughs in missile technology, developing advanced systems capable of threatening Europe and overseas U.S. military bases, with concerns that future intercontinental ballistic missiles could potentially reach the U.S. mainland. These developments were cited as key security justifications for military action.

Unlike previous operations that focused on limited strikes against nuclear infrastructure, the 2026 campaign has been interpreted as carrying broader political objectives. Trump publicly called on the Iranian people to overthrow their government, describing the moment as a “once-in-generations opportunity” for national change. Some U.S. and Israeli officials further claimed that Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, may have been killed during an airstrike targeting his residence, although Iranian authorities strongly denied the claim and asserted that national leadership remained intact. Analysts note that competing narratives surrounding the incident have intensified information warfare alongside the military conflict.

Diplomatic breakdown also played a significant role in the escalation. Prior to the strikes, the United States reportedly granted Iran a two-month negotiation window aimed at reaching a new nuclear agreement. Talks ultimately collapsed due to deep mutual distrust and Iran’s refusal to accept U.S. demands, including the rollback of uranium enrichment activities. In addition, the Trump administration cited Iran’s suppression of domestic protests as crossing a human-rights “red line,” incorporating human-rights concerns into the broader justification for military intervention.

For Israel, the operation has been framed primarily as a preemptive action tied to national survival. Israeli leadership concluded that diplomatic options had been exhausted and that a nuclear-armed Iran would pose an unacceptable existential threat. As a result, the strikes targeted not only nuclear-related facilities but also command centers of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), air defense systems, and missile launch sites, with the aim of weakening Iran’s retaliatory capacity and regional military reach.

The situation has since deteriorated rapidly. Iran has launched retaliatory attacks, firing missiles toward Israel as well as neighboring countries hosting U.S. military bases, including Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. The broader Middle East is now on high alert, and many international observers warn that the region is approaching the brink of full-scale war. Future developments are expected to depend largely on whether diplomatic channels remain viable and whether regional or global powers intervene to de-escalate the conflict.